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Evidence matters. Find policies, programs, and systems changes that are a good fit for your community priorities.

Curated List: Rural Health

Evidence-informed programs, policies, and system changes to support rural communities in addressing their priorities and ensuring health and well-being for every community member. These solutions focus on strengthening current infrastructure, as well as employment, education, housing, and access to care.

Click on column headings to sort by strategy, health topic, approach, evidence rating, or short description. Click on the strategy name for more information.

78 results (45 unique strategies)

Strategy ↑↓ Health Topic ↑↓ Approach ↑↓ Evidence Rating ↑↓ Short Description ↑↓
Composting Air, water, land Reduce consumer waste Scientifically Supported

Use aerobic, natural decomposition to divert food and yard waste from landfills and create a nutrient-rich soil amendment product on an individual or large scale

Community land trusts Air, water, land Support responsible land use Some Evidence

Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving

Land banking Air, water, land Support responsible land use Some Evidence

Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments

Multi-component groundwater management programs Air, water, land Increase water conservation & preservation Some Evidence

Protect underground water resources via regular groundwater monitoring, education about risks to groundwater, water quotas and taxes, and other efforts

CAFO regulations Air, water, land Reduce agriculture's environmental impacts Expert Opinion

Establish local regulations for confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that address location, size, facility management, and pollution contributions to complement U.S. EPA regulations

PFAS regulations Air, water, land Reduce exposure to environmental toxins Expert Opinion

Establish regulations for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) manufactured chemicals, that address production, use, and environmental contamination

Naloxone education & distribution programs Alcohol and drug use Reduce substance use harms Scientifically Supported

Distribute Naloxone to trained community members and first responders to reverse opioid overdoses

Syringe services programs Alcohol and drug use Reduce substance use harms Scientifically Supported

Provide sterile injection equipment and often other treatment and referral services to people who inject drugs; also called needle or syringe exchange programs and needle syringe programs

Labor unions Civic and community resources Build community power Scientifically Supported

Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions

Broadband initiatives for unserved and underserved areas Civic and community resources Increase community infrastructure Some Evidence

Expand broadband availability and adoption in unserved and underserved areas through initiatives that address infrastructure and cost barriers

Community land trusts Civic and community resources Build community power Some Evidence

Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving

Community land trusts Civic and community resources Increase community infrastructure Some Evidence

Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving

Community supported agriculture (CSA) Civic and community resources Increase community healthy food resources Some Evidence

Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance

Farmers markets Civic and community resources Increase community healthy food resources Some Evidence

Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers

Land banking Civic and community resources Increase community infrastructure Some Evidence

Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments

Youth civics education Civic and community resources Increase opportunities for civic participation Some Evidence

Teach students attitudes, skills, knowledge, and behavior needed to participate in and contribute to a democracy

Community arts programs Civic and community resources Build social capital within communities Expert Opinion

Support locally-based visual, media, and performing arts initiatives for children and adults; also called participatory arts programs

Community centers Civic and community resources Increase community infrastructure Expert Opinion

Provide space to promote socializing among community members and offer programs and services such as recreational or educational activities, counseling or support services

Community centers Civic and community resources Build social capital within communities Expert Opinion

Provide space to promote socializing among community members and offer programs and services such as recreational or educational activities, counseling or support services

Community Development Financial Institutions Civic and community resources Support community wealth-building Expert Opinion

Support financial institutions providing services to underserved and disadvantaged communities

Community organizing in public health Civic and community resources Build community power Expert Opinion

Advance public health by using community organizing methods, such as developing leadership, campaigning, and building power to influence decisions, agendas, and worldviews, by collaborating with community organizing groups to use these methods, or both

Food hubs Civic and community resources Increase community healthy food resources Expert Opinion

Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items)

Land return for tribal restitution Civic and community resources Support community wealth-building Expert Opinion

Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty

Land return for tribal restitution Civic and community resources Build community power Expert Opinion

Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty

Public libraries for community building Civic and community resources Increase opportunities for civic participation Expert Opinion

Provide gathering space, resources, educational, civic, and social programming, along with partnerships with community and service organizations, in support of community building efforts; open to the community and publicly funded

Public libraries for community building Civic and community resources Build social capital within communities Expert Opinion

Provide gathering space, resources, educational, civic, and social programming, along with partnerships with community and service organizations, in support of community building efforts; open to the community and publicly funded

Rural transportation services Civic and community resources Increase community infrastructure Expert Opinion

Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc.

Trauma-informed approaches to community building Civic and community resources Build social capital within communities Expert Opinion

Support and strengthen residents and communities who have experienced trauma and address effects of community trauma (e.g., poverty, violence, structural racism, etc.) via a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder, and multilevel approach

Building retrofits towards net zero energy Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Scientifically Supported

Implement retrofits to improve building envelopes, system efficiency, and renewable energy sources; comprehensive retrofits can become net zero energy buildings

Composting Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Scientifically Supported

Use aerobic, natural decomposition to divert food and yard waste from landfills and create a nutrient-rich soil amendment product on an individual or large scale

Telemedicine Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Scientifically Supported

Deliver consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services remotely, especially for patients who live in areas with limited access to care or who experience transportation or mobility barriers; sometimes called telehealth

Bicycle & pedestrian master plans Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Some Evidence

Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area

Community supported agriculture (CSA) Climate Build sustainable food systems Some Evidence

Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance

Farmers markets Climate Build sustainable food systems Some Evidence

Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers

Healthy food initiatives in food pantries Climate Build sustainable food systems Some Evidence

Combine hunger relief efforts with nutrition information and healthy eating opportunities, often with on-site cooking demonstrations, recipe tastings, produce display stands, etc.

Telemental health services Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Some Evidence

Provide mental health care services (e.g., psychotherapy or counseling) via telephone or videoconference

CAFO regulations Climate Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Expert Opinion

Establish local regulations for confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that address location, size, facility management, and pollution contributions to complement U.S. EPA regulations

Food hubs Climate Build sustainable food systems Expert Opinion

Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items)

Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Scientifically Supported

Increase support for non-profit health care organizations and deliver comprehensive care to uninsured, underinsured, and vulnerable patients regardless of ability to pay; often called community health centers (CHCs)

Health insurance enrollment outreach & support Clinical care Reduce barriers to care Scientifically Supported

Provide outreach and support to assist those whose employers do not offer affordable coverage, who are self-employed, or who are unemployed

Rural training in medical education Clinical care Recruit providers to underserved areas Scientifically Supported

Expand medical school training and learning experiences focused on the skills necessary to practice successfully in rural areas

School-based health centers Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Scientifically Supported

Provide health care services on school premises to attending elementary, middle, and high school students; physical and mental health services provided by teams of nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians

Telemedicine Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Scientifically Supported

Deliver consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services remotely, especially for patients who live in areas with limited access to care or who experience transportation or mobility barriers; sometimes called telehealth

Allied dental professional scope of practice Clinical care Increase opportunities for oral health care Some Evidence

Expand the role of allied dental professionals (e.g., hygienists, therapists, etc.) via changes to statute, dentist supervision requirements, etc.

Community health workers Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Some Evidence

Engage professional or lay health workers to provide education, referral and follow-up, case management, home visiting, etc. for those who experience barriers in accessing health care; also called promotoras(es) de salud or community health representatives

Financial incentives for health professionals serving underserved areas Clinical care Recruit providers to underserved areas Some Evidence

Expand incentives such as scholarships and loans with service requirements and loan repayment or forgiveness programs for health care providers who practice in rural or other underserved areas

Mobile reproductive health clinics Clinical care Increase preconception, prenatal, and interconception care Some Evidence

Offer reproductive health services (e.g., pregnancy tests, prenatal and postpartum care, gynecological exams, STI screenings, etc.), health education, and social service referrals via medically equipped vans

School-based health centers with reproductive health services Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Some Evidence

Provide reproductive health care services such as counseling, contraception, and testing in middle and high school-based health centers

Telemental health services Clinical care Adopt alternate care models Some Evidence

Provide mental health care services (e.g., psychotherapy or counseling) via telephone or videoconference

Rural transportation services Clinical care Reduce barriers to care Expert Opinion

Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc.

Water availability & promotion interventions Diet and exercise Increase access to healthy food options Scientifically Supported

Make water readily available in various settings via regular placement of drinking fountains, water coolers, bottled water in vending machines, etc.

Bicycle & pedestrian master plans Diet and exercise Create opportunities for active living Some Evidence

Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area

Community supported agriculture (CSA) Diet and exercise Increase access to healthy food options Some Evidence

Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance

Farmers markets Diet and exercise Increase access to healthy food options Some Evidence

Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers

Healthy food initiatives in food pantries Diet and exercise Increase access to healthy food options Some Evidence

Combine hunger relief efforts with nutrition information and healthy eating opportunities, often with on-site cooking demonstrations, recipe tastings, produce display stands, etc.

Food hubs Diet and exercise Increase access to healthy food options Expert Opinion

Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items)

Career & technical education for high school completion Education Increase high school completion rates Scientifically Supported

Provide career and technical education (CTE) as an integrated part of an academic curriculum for students, especially those at risk of dropping out of high school; also called vocational training

Early Head Start (EHS) Education Increase early childhood education Scientifically Supported

Provide child care, parent education, physical health and mental health services, and other family supports to pregnant women and parents with low incomes and children from birth to age three

K-12 school finance reforms Education Improve quality of K-12 education Scientifically Supported

Change state-level school finance systems to increase funding for school districts serving large populations of students from low income backgrounds, students of color, and students with disabilities, special needs, or limited English skills

Preschool education programs Education Increase early childhood education Scientifically Supported

Provide center-based programs that support cognitive and social-emotional growth among children who are not old enough to enter formal schooling

School-based health centers Education Create environments that support learning Scientifically Supported

Provide health care services on school premises to attending elementary, middle, and high school students; physical and mental health services provided by teams of nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians

Technology enhanced classroom instruction Education Improve quality of K-12 education Scientifically Supported

Incorporate technology into classroom instruction via computer-assisted instruction programs, computer-managed learning programs, use of interactive white boards, etc.

Youth civics education Education Improve quality of K-12 education Some Evidence

Teach students attitudes, skills, knowledge, and behavior needed to participate in and contribute to a democracy

Housing rehabilitation loan & grant programs Housing and transportation Improve housing quality Scientifically Supported

Provide funding, primarily to families with low or middle incomes, to repair, improve, or modernize dwellings and remove health or safety hazards

Bicycle & pedestrian master plans Housing and transportation Support active travel Some Evidence

Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area

Community land trusts Housing and transportation Support affordable housing Some Evidence

Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving

Land banking Housing and transportation Support affordable housing Some Evidence

Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments

Rural transportation services Housing and transportation Support shared transportation Expert Opinion

Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc.

Labor unions Income, employment and wealth Ensure workplace safety Scientifically Supported

Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions

Labor unions Income, employment and wealth Create supportive work environments Scientifically Supported

Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions

Broadband initiatives for unserved and underserved areas Income, employment and wealth Create supportive work environments Some Evidence

Expand broadband availability and adoption in unserved and underserved areas through initiatives that address infrastructure and cost barriers

Community Development Financial Institutions Income, employment and wealth Support asset development Expert Opinion

Support financial institutions providing services to underserved and disadvantaged communities

Land return for tribal restitution Income, employment and wealth Support asset development Expert Opinion

Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty

Rural transportation services Income, employment and wealth Create supportive work environments Expert Opinion

Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc.

Early childhood home visiting programs Safety and social support Prevent child maltreatment Scientifically Supported

Provide at-risk expectant parents and families with young children with information, support, and training regarding child health, development, and care from prenatal stages through early childhood via trained home visitors

Early childhood home visiting programs Safety and social support Build social capital within families Scientifically Supported

Provide at-risk expectant parents and families with young children with information, support, and training regarding child health, development, and care from prenatal stages through early childhood via trained home visitors

Social service integration Safety and social support Ensure access to counseling and support Some Evidence

Coordinate access to services across delivery systems and disciplinary boundaries (e.g., housing, disability, physical health, mental health, child welfare, workforce services, etc.)

School-based health centers with reproductive health services Sexual activity Reduce unintended pregnancy Some Evidence

Provide reproductive health care services such as counseling, contraception, and testing in middle and high school-based health centers