Curated List: Rural Health
Evidence-informed programs, policies, and system changes to support rural communities in addressing their priorities and ensuring health and well-being for every community member. These solutions focus on strengthening current infrastructure, as well as employment, education, housing, and access to care.
Click on column headings to sort by strategy, health topic, approach, evidence rating, or short description. Click on the strategy name for more information.
78 results (45 unique strategies)
| Strategy ↑↓ | Health Topic ↑↓ | Approach ↑↓ | Evidence Rating ↑↓ | Short Description ↑↓ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composting | Air, water, land | Reduce consumer waste | Scientifically Supported | Use aerobic, natural decomposition to divert food and yard waste from landfills and create a nutrient-rich soil amendment product on an individual or large scale |
| Community land trusts | Air, water, land | Support responsible land use | Some Evidence | Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving |
| Land banking | Air, water, land | Support responsible land use | Some Evidence | Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments |
| Multi-component groundwater management programs | Air, water, land | Increase water conservation & preservation | Some Evidence | Protect underground water resources via regular groundwater monitoring, education about risks to groundwater, water quotas and taxes, and other efforts |
| CAFO regulations | Air, water, land | Reduce agriculture's environmental impacts | Expert Opinion | Establish local regulations for confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that address location, size, facility management, and pollution contributions to complement U.S. EPA regulations |
| PFAS regulations | Air, water, land | Reduce exposure to environmental toxins | Expert Opinion | Establish regulations for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) manufactured chemicals, that address production, use, and environmental contamination |
| Naloxone education & distribution programs | Alcohol and drug use | Reduce substance use harms | Scientifically Supported | Distribute Naloxone to trained community members and first responders to reverse opioid overdoses |
| Syringe services programs | Alcohol and drug use | Reduce substance use harms | Scientifically Supported | Provide sterile injection equipment and often other treatment and referral services to people who inject drugs; also called needle or syringe exchange programs and needle syringe programs |
| Labor unions | Civic and community resources | Build community power | Scientifically Supported | Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions |
| Broadband initiatives for unserved and underserved areas | Civic and community resources | Increase community infrastructure | Some Evidence | Expand broadband availability and adoption in unserved and underserved areas through initiatives that address infrastructure and cost barriers |
| Community land trusts | Civic and community resources | Build community power | Some Evidence | Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving |
| Community land trusts | Civic and community resources | Increase community infrastructure | Some Evidence | Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving |
| Community supported agriculture (CSA) | Civic and community resources | Increase community healthy food resources | Some Evidence | Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance |
| Farmers markets | Civic and community resources | Increase community healthy food resources | Some Evidence | Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers |
| Land banking | Civic and community resources | Increase community infrastructure | Some Evidence | Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments |
| Youth civics education | Civic and community resources | Increase opportunities for civic participation | Some Evidence | Teach students attitudes, skills, knowledge, and behavior needed to participate in and contribute to a democracy |
| Community arts programs | Civic and community resources | Build social capital within communities | Expert Opinion | Support locally-based visual, media, and performing arts initiatives for children and adults; also called participatory arts programs |
| Community centers | Civic and community resources | Increase community infrastructure | Expert Opinion | Provide space to promote socializing among community members and offer programs and services such as recreational or educational activities, counseling or support services |
| Community centers | Civic and community resources | Build social capital within communities | Expert Opinion | Provide space to promote socializing among community members and offer programs and services such as recreational or educational activities, counseling or support services |
| Community Development Financial Institutions | Civic and community resources | Support community wealth-building | Expert Opinion | Support financial institutions providing services to underserved and disadvantaged communities |
| Community organizing in public health | Civic and community resources | Build community power | Expert Opinion | Advance public health by using community organizing methods, such as developing leadership, campaigning, and building power to influence decisions, agendas, and worldviews, by collaborating with community organizing groups to use these methods, or both |
| Food hubs | Civic and community resources | Increase community healthy food resources | Expert Opinion | Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items) |
| Land return for tribal restitution | Civic and community resources | Support community wealth-building | Expert Opinion | Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty |
| Land return for tribal restitution | Civic and community resources | Build community power | Expert Opinion | Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty |
| Public libraries for community building | Civic and community resources | Increase opportunities for civic participation | Expert Opinion | Provide gathering space, resources, educational, civic, and social programming, along with partnerships with community and service organizations, in support of community building efforts; open to the community and publicly funded |
| Public libraries for community building | Civic and community resources | Build social capital within communities | Expert Opinion | Provide gathering space, resources, educational, civic, and social programming, along with partnerships with community and service organizations, in support of community building efforts; open to the community and publicly funded |
| Rural transportation services | Civic and community resources | Increase community infrastructure | Expert Opinion | Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc. |
| Trauma-informed approaches to community building | Civic and community resources | Build social capital within communities | Expert Opinion | Support and strengthen residents and communities who have experienced trauma and address effects of community trauma (e.g., poverty, violence, structural racism, etc.) via a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder, and multilevel approach |
| Building retrofits towards net zero energy | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Scientifically Supported | Implement retrofits to improve building envelopes, system efficiency, and renewable energy sources; comprehensive retrofits can become net zero energy buildings |
| Composting | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Scientifically Supported | Use aerobic, natural decomposition to divert food and yard waste from landfills and create a nutrient-rich soil amendment product on an individual or large scale |
| Telemedicine | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Scientifically Supported | Deliver consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services remotely, especially for patients who live in areas with limited access to care or who experience transportation or mobility barriers; sometimes called telehealth |
| Bicycle & pedestrian master plans | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Some Evidence | Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area |
| Community supported agriculture (CSA) | Climate | Build sustainable food systems | Some Evidence | Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance |
| Farmers markets | Climate | Build sustainable food systems | Some Evidence | Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers |
| Healthy food initiatives in food pantries | Climate | Build sustainable food systems | Some Evidence | Combine hunger relief efforts with nutrition information and healthy eating opportunities, often with on-site cooking demonstrations, recipe tastings, produce display stands, etc. |
| Telemental health services | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Some Evidence | Provide mental health care services (e.g., psychotherapy or counseling) via telephone or videoconference |
| CAFO regulations | Climate | Reduce greenhouse gas emissions | Expert Opinion | Establish local regulations for confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that address location, size, facility management, and pollution contributions to complement U.S. EPA regulations |
| Food hubs | Climate | Build sustainable food systems | Expert Opinion | Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items) |
| Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Scientifically Supported | Increase support for non-profit health care organizations and deliver comprehensive care to uninsured, underinsured, and vulnerable patients regardless of ability to pay; often called community health centers (CHCs) |
| Health insurance enrollment outreach & support | Clinical care | Reduce barriers to care | Scientifically Supported | Provide outreach and support to assist those whose employers do not offer affordable coverage, who are self-employed, or who are unemployed |
| Rural training in medical education | Clinical care | Recruit providers to underserved areas | Scientifically Supported | Expand medical school training and learning experiences focused on the skills necessary to practice successfully in rural areas |
| School-based health centers | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Scientifically Supported | Provide health care services on school premises to attending elementary, middle, and high school students; physical and mental health services provided by teams of nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians |
| Telemedicine | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Scientifically Supported | Deliver consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services remotely, especially for patients who live in areas with limited access to care or who experience transportation or mobility barriers; sometimes called telehealth |
| Allied dental professional scope of practice | Clinical care | Increase opportunities for oral health care | Some Evidence | Expand the role of allied dental professionals (e.g., hygienists, therapists, etc.) via changes to statute, dentist supervision requirements, etc. |
| Community health workers | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Some Evidence | Engage professional or lay health workers to provide education, referral and follow-up, case management, home visiting, etc. for those who experience barriers in accessing health care; also called promotoras(es) de salud or community health representatives |
| Financial incentives for health professionals serving underserved areas | Clinical care | Recruit providers to underserved areas | Some Evidence | Expand incentives such as scholarships and loans with service requirements and loan repayment or forgiveness programs for health care providers who practice in rural or other underserved areas |
| Mobile reproductive health clinics | Clinical care | Increase preconception, prenatal, and interconception care | Some Evidence | Offer reproductive health services (e.g., pregnancy tests, prenatal and postpartum care, gynecological exams, STI screenings, etc.), health education, and social service referrals via medically equipped vans |
| School-based health centers with reproductive health services | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Some Evidence | Provide reproductive health care services such as counseling, contraception, and testing in middle and high school-based health centers |
| Telemental health services | Clinical care | Adopt alternate care models | Some Evidence | Provide mental health care services (e.g., psychotherapy or counseling) via telephone or videoconference |
| Rural transportation services | Clinical care | Reduce barriers to care | Expert Opinion | Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc. |
| Water availability & promotion interventions | Diet and exercise | Increase access to healthy food options | Scientifically Supported | Make water readily available in various settings via regular placement of drinking fountains, water coolers, bottled water in vending machines, etc. |
| Bicycle & pedestrian master plans | Diet and exercise | Create opportunities for active living | Some Evidence | Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area |
| Community supported agriculture (CSA) | Diet and exercise | Increase access to healthy food options | Some Evidence | Establish partnerships between farmers and consumers in which consumers purchase a share of a farm’s products in advance |
| Farmers markets | Diet and exercise | Increase access to healthy food options | Some Evidence | Support multiple vendor markets where producers sell goods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy items, and prepared foods directly to consumers |
| Healthy food initiatives in food pantries | Diet and exercise | Increase access to healthy food options | Some Evidence | Combine hunger relief efforts with nutrition information and healthy eating opportunities, often with on-site cooking demonstrations, recipe tastings, produce display stands, etc. |
| Food hubs | Diet and exercise | Increase access to healthy food options | Expert Opinion | Support businesses or organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market local and regional food products (e.g., fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and prepared items) |
| Career & technical education for high school completion | Education | Increase high school completion rates | Scientifically Supported | Provide career and technical education (CTE) as an integrated part of an academic curriculum for students, especially those at risk of dropping out of high school; also called vocational training |
| Early Head Start (EHS) | Education | Increase early childhood education | Scientifically Supported | Provide child care, parent education, physical health and mental health services, and other family supports to pregnant women and parents with low incomes and children from birth to age three |
| K-12 school finance reforms | Education | Improve quality of K-12 education | Scientifically Supported | Change state-level school finance systems to increase funding for school districts serving large populations of students from low income backgrounds, students of color, and students with disabilities, special needs, or limited English skills |
| Preschool education programs | Education | Increase early childhood education | Scientifically Supported | Provide center-based programs that support cognitive and social-emotional growth among children who are not old enough to enter formal schooling |
| School-based health centers | Education | Create environments that support learning | Scientifically Supported | Provide health care services on school premises to attending elementary, middle, and high school students; physical and mental health services provided by teams of nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians |
| Technology enhanced classroom instruction | Education | Improve quality of K-12 education | Scientifically Supported | Incorporate technology into classroom instruction via computer-assisted instruction programs, computer-managed learning programs, use of interactive white boards, etc. |
| Youth civics education | Education | Improve quality of K-12 education | Some Evidence | Teach students attitudes, skills, knowledge, and behavior needed to participate in and contribute to a democracy |
| Housing rehabilitation loan & grant programs | Housing and transportation | Improve housing quality | Scientifically Supported | Provide funding, primarily to families with low or middle incomes, to repair, improve, or modernize dwellings and remove health or safety hazards |
| Bicycle & pedestrian master plans | Housing and transportation | Support active travel | Some Evidence | Establish a framework to increase walking and biking trails and improve connectivity of non-auto paths and trails in a particular area |
| Community land trusts | Housing and transportation | Support affordable housing | Some Evidence | Purchase the land a home is on to lease to homeowners with low and middle incomes and require homeowners to sell the home back to the trust or to another resident with low income upon moving |
| Land banking | Housing and transportation | Support affordable housing | Some Evidence | Acquire, hold, manage, and develop properties such as vacant lots, abandoned buildings, or foreclosures, and transition them to productive uses, often affordable housing developments |
| Rural transportation services | Housing and transportation | Support shared transportation | Expert Opinion | Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc. |
| Labor unions | Income, employment and wealth | Ensure workplace safety | Scientifically Supported | Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions |
| Labor unions | Income, employment and wealth | Create supportive work environments | Scientifically Supported | Organize workers to bargain collectively for improved wages, benefits, and working conditions |
| Broadband initiatives for unserved and underserved areas | Income, employment and wealth | Create supportive work environments | Some Evidence | Expand broadband availability and adoption in unserved and underserved areas through initiatives that address infrastructure and cost barriers |
| Community Development Financial Institutions | Income, employment and wealth | Support asset development | Expert Opinion | Support financial institutions providing services to underserved and disadvantaged communities |
| Land return for tribal restitution | Income, employment and wealth | Support asset development | Expert Opinion | Return the rights to land, property, and resources to Native people as part of policies and initiatives that promote tribal sovereignty |
| Rural transportation services | Income, employment and wealth | Create supportive work environments | Expert Opinion | Establish transportation services for areas with low population densities using publicly funded buses and vans on a set schedule, dial-a-ride transit, volunteer ridesharing, etc. |
| Early childhood home visiting programs | Safety and social support | Prevent child maltreatment | Scientifically Supported | Provide at-risk expectant parents and families with young children with information, support, and training regarding child health, development, and care from prenatal stages through early childhood via trained home visitors |
| Early childhood home visiting programs | Safety and social support | Build social capital within families | Scientifically Supported | Provide at-risk expectant parents and families with young children with information, support, and training regarding child health, development, and care from prenatal stages through early childhood via trained home visitors |
| Social service integration | Safety and social support | Ensure access to counseling and support | Some Evidence | Coordinate access to services across delivery systems and disciplinary boundaries (e.g., housing, disability, physical health, mental health, child welfare, workforce services, etc.) |
| School-based health centers with reproductive health services | Sexual activity | Reduce unintended pregnancy | Some Evidence | Provide reproductive health care services such as counseling, contraception, and testing in middle and high school-based health centers |